If you don't have...
Buttermilk
*1 TB lemon juice per 1 cup regular milk. Let sit a few mins to curdle
*1 TB vinegar per 1 cup regular milk. Let sit a few mins to curdle
Baking Chocolate
*1 oz. unsweetened baking chocolate = 3 level TB baking cocoa plus 1 TB melted butter/margarine
...and more chocolate substitutions:
https://whatscookingamerica.net/ChocolateSubstitutionChart.htm
Cooking Oil
*equivalent in applesauce (though preferably not more than half the oil called for)
MORE substitutions by way of the best substitution chart ever:
https://whatscookingamerica.net/Information/IngredientSubstitution.htm
Measurement Conversions
| Unit: | Equals: | Also equals: |
| 1 tsp. | 1/6 fl. oz. | 1/3 Tbsp. |
| 1 Tbsp. | ½ fl. oz. | 3 tsp. |
| 1/8 cup | 1 fl. oz. | 2 Tbsp. |
| ¼ cup | 2 fl. oz. | 4 Tbsp. |
| 1/3 cup | 2¾ fl. oz. | ¼ cup plus 4 tsp. |
| ½ cup | 4 fl. oz. | 8 Tbsp. |
| 1 cup | 8 fl. oz. | ½ pint |
| 1 pint | 16 fl. oz. | 2 cups |
| 1 quart | 32 fl. oz. | 2 pints |
| 1 liter | 34 fl. oz. | 1 quart plus ¼ cup |
| 1 gallon | 128 fl. oz. | 4 quarts |
